Lithium-ion batteries are everywhere — powering forklifts, mobile devices, e-bikes, energy storage systems and more. Despite their benefits, they pose a serious fire and explosion hazard when improperly stored or handled. As safety professionals and business owners, we must treat them with the same respect as other hazardous items.
This post outlines what you need to know to store lithium-ion batteries safely in a UK workplace — summarising key risks, regulatory considerations, and practical controls you can implement today.
Why lithium-ion batteries pose a risk
At their best, lithium-ion batteries offer excellent performance. But when things go wrong – overcharge, damage, thermal abuse, or manufacturing defects – the outcome can be dramatic. The process known as thermal runaway is central to the hazard: an overheated cell can release flammable gases, rupture, and ignite adjacent cells.
In the UK, this risk is growing. The number of e-bike fires involving lithium-ion batteries has risen sharply. For organisations, storage (and charging) of these batteries is a significant safety issue, not just a housekeeping matter.
Key UK guidance and regulatory context
You should be aware of the following key resources:
- HSE INDG139 – Using Electric Storage Batteries
- Aviva Risk Solutions – Guidance on lithium-ion battery storage and transit
- Safety Storage Systems – Specialist advice on storage controls
- Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Bill (UK) – Ongoing legislative development
- British Safety Council – Risk assessments, ventilation, and temperature control guidance
There’s no single “lithium battery law,” but the message is clear: treat lithium-ion batteries as hazardous and control the risks accordingly.
Practical controls for safe storage
1. Storage environment
- Keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated space (ideally 5 °C – 20 °C).
- Avoid direct sunlight and heat sources.
- Use racks or shelving — never stack batteries directly.
- Keep away from combustible materials.
2. Battery condition, charge level and handling
- Store at 40–60% charge for long periods.
- Remove from equipment when not in use.
- Inspect regularly for swelling, leaks or heat.
- Use manufacturer-approved chargers only.
3. Storage containment and suppression
- Use fire-rated storage cabinets built for lithium-ion batteries.
- Install suitable fire detection and suppression.
- Segregate from general storage.
4. Risk assessment and policy
- Carry out a formal risk assessment.
- Document safe systems of work.
- Maintain logs and inspection records.
- Dispose of damaged batteries through authorised waste routes.
5. Transport and movement
- Follow UN 3480/3481 regulations for transport.
- Avoid storing or moving through hot zones.
Common pitfalls
❌ Over-stacking or contact between terminals
❌ Long-term full charge
❌ Poor ventilation
❌ Use of non-OEM chargers
❌ Ignoring small or damaged batteries
❌ Failure to update the fire-risk profile
Integrating into your safety management system
- Add lithium-ion batteries to your fire risk assessment.
- Create a dedicated storage zone with signage and inspection.
- Update charging procedures and train staff.
- Review containment standards and fire controls.
- Coordinate with facilities and fire safety teams.
Final thought
Lithium-ion batteries will only become more common — and so will the risks. With proper storage, handling and control, those risks remain manageable. The key is awareness and proactive management.
